Psychological operations are planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.
Strategic PSYOP include informational activities conducted by the US government agencies outside of the military arena, though many utilize Department of Defense (DOD) assets. Operational PSYOP are conducted across the range of military operations, including during peacetime, in a defined operational area to promote the effectiveness of the joint force commander's (JFC) campaigns and strategies.
Tactical PSYOP are conducted in the area assigned to a tactical commander across the range of military operations to support the tactical mission against opposing forces.
PSYOP involves the careful creation and dissemination of a product message.
PSYOPs convey messages via visual, audio, and audiovisual mediums.
Military psychological operations, at the tactical level, are usually delivered by loudspeaker. (see NATO Tape Warns Gaddafi:”We will kill you” )
For more deliberate campaigns, they may use leaflets, radio or television. Strategic operations may use radio or television broadcasts, various publications, airdropped leaflets, or, as part of a covert operation, with material placed in foreign news media.
Iraq
Libya - Maj 2011.
On 16 May 2011 the first report of leaflets being dropped on Libya surfaced. On May 17, 2011, an Italian Air Force C-130J dropped about 400,000 leaflets over Tripoli, Libya. The text of the message was:
Libya is one and its capital is Tripoli. Today we ask you to join us and to make the right and wise decision. Join our revolution. Let’s take Libya away from Gaddafi. A unified, free, democratic Libya.
One of the leaflets dropped near Tripoli pictured a United States Predator drone at the right and a targeted Libyan tank at the left. This leaflet features the NATO insignia at the lower right and the text:
WARNING You are no match for NATO’s superior weapons and airpower. Continuing to man your posts and equipment will result in your death.
The back of the leaflet depicted Libyan military equipment being targeted and the text:
WARNING,For your safety, abandon your post and equipment and return home to your families. Stop the attacks against Libyan civilians or you WILL BE DESTROYED
A second leaflet depicted Gaddafi at the right and Libyan citizens near a bomb blast at the left.
The text is:
Colonel Gaddafi’s orders to attack civilians are illegal and as a result he has been indicted by the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity.
Professional soldiers don’t attack civilians. Carrying out any illegal orders are in direct violation of international laws. Do not bring dishonor on to yourselves and your families.
Libya - On June 2011.
There was a report of an errant NATO leaflet drop that caused the Libyan rebels to retreat.An errant NATO leaflet drop warning of helicopter strikes prompted some rebels to retreat from their newly captured positions outside Zlitan. The rebel commander complained that the leaflets were dropped on his troops and wondered if NATO had any idea what was happening on the ground. Rebels elsewhere in Libya have complained of poor coordination with NATO. In the Western Mountains, Rebel commanders complain they have no direct contact with NATO but have to call in coordinates and appeal for air strikes through the rebel leaders in Benghazi.
Libyan rebels examine leaflet
NATO will use every possible means to destroy all armor used against civilians. Stop fighting. When you see these helicopters, it means it is already too late for you. It's not too late to stop fighting. There is no place to hide. If you continue to threaten civilians, you will face destruction.
The message on the reverse says in part:
Stop and stay away from fighting now.
Libya - July 2011.
One more NATO leaflet was dropped toward the end of July 2011. This leaflet depicts "victorious rebels", and a crowd inside a map of Libya.
The text is:
The back of the leaflet depicts Gaddafi troops with weapons covered by an “X."Stop fighting your countrymen. You are fighting your Libyan brothers.
The text is:
Cease fighting and move Libya toward peace and development.
Next leaflets depicts a Libyan banknote on fireadressed to Non-Libyan FightersStop
Text on the front of the note is:
Non-Libyan fighters, this is the only money you will receive for continuing to endanger Libyan citizens.
Text on the back is:
To all non-Libyan fighters in Tripoli! You have been involved in violent acts against innocent Libyan civilians. NATO has the means and capabilities to implement the United Nations mandate to protect civilians and civilian populated areas. NATO is determined to use its capabilities against any threat. Leave this country now!
This leaflet depicts a Libyan soldier on the front, half pro-Gaddafi, half rebel. The text on the front is:
Stop Tearing Libya ApartOne Libya, one people
Text on the back is:
Soldiers committing crimes against humanity will be held accountable by the international community. Gaddafi has been indicted by the International Criminal Court. Will you share a prison cell with him? Who will support your family? Make a choice before it is too late – peace and future prosperity or continued war and further death and destruction.
NATO dropped leaflets addressed to those in the Libyan armed forces asking soldiers to lay down their arms. Many of the leaflets were dropped at military installations to warn soldiers that they would be targeted if they continued to fight. Libyan intelligence tried unsuccessfully to collect the leaflets to prevent them from falling into the hands of Libyan citizens and military members.
The leaflets depicted Colonel Gaddafi on the front and the text:
Why do you allow our Libyan brothers to fight and kill each other instead of living in peace? You dishonor our country with crimes against humanity.
The text on the back is:
Officers and soldiers of the Libyan army: the International Criminal Court has accused Gaddafi of committing crimes against humanity in Libya. Officers and soldiers of the Libyan army are advised not to follow the orders of Gaddafi and take military operations against the Libyan people. If an officer or a soldier has committed crimes against humanity, they have violated international laws. Many Libyan officers and soldiers have chosen to stand against Gaddafi’s orders and to refrain from killing innocent civilians. Join these men for a prosperous and peaceful future in Libya.
Libya - On August 2011.
NATO dropped leaflets on Tripoli calling on pro-Gaddafi fighters to lay down their weapons and join the rebels and warning people to stay at least three kilometers away from Gaddafi's compound in the south of the capital. Some of the reported text is:
Officers, soldiers and regime fighters of great Libya. Many senior officers have already defected and followed their conscience. Stop being part of the fighting. Return to your family and serve your country by laying down your weapons, leaving your post and respecting the right of all Libyans to live in peace.
Media
Strategic operations may use radio or television broadcasts, various publications, airdropped leaflets, or, as part of a covert operation, with material placed in foreign news media.
In order to create a successful PSYOP the following must be established:
1) clearly define the mission so that it aligns with national objectives
2) need a PSYOP estimate of the situation
3) prepare the plan
4) media selection
5) product development
6) pretesting - determines the probable impact of the PSYOP on the target audience
7) production and dissemination of PSYOP material
8) implementation
9) posttesting - evaluates audience responses
10) feedback
p.s U.S. PSYOP forces are forbidden to target (i.e., attempt to change their opinions) U.S. citizens at any time, in any location globally, or under any circumstances
to be continued...
Read also:
NATO Tape Warns Gaddafi:”We will kill you” - Nato has been watching closely. Nato knows where you are and will continue to watch you. Nato will not tolerate hostile acts of your intent to conduct hostile acts against the civilian population. - > http://libyasos.blogspot.com/2011/10/nato-tape-warns-gaddafi-we-will-kill.html
[ sources:
PSYWAR: The Fake Fall Of Tripoli And The Zionist Dragon’s Butchery Across Palestine II -> http://en.m4.cn/2011/09/26/psywar-the-fake-fall-of-tripoli-and-the-zionist-dragon%E2%80%99s-butchery-across-palestine-ii/
Psychological Warfare, Psychological Operations ( PSYOP),
Black Propaganda, and Aerial Propaganda Leaflets - > http://www.psywar.org
PSYWAR Movie Part 2 - About media manipulation' [HD] by Newoakmedia NNC 2 -> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1i8ctYyYMU
Psychological Operations/Warfare - > http://www.psywarrior.com/psyhist.html
Psychological warfare - > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_warfare ]
